Introduction: Building Communities of Practice in Comparative Effectiveness Research -- Translational Evidence Mechanism: Probability-Utility Model Comparative Effectiveness Research. Implication for Endodontics: Clinically Relevant Complex Systematic Reviews in Endodontics:  Relevance to Comparative Effectiveness Research and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making -- Efficacy, Effectiveness and Evidence-Based Dental Decision Making: Principles and Practice -- Decision-Making in Endotontics: The Selection of Evidences for Evidence-Based Health Care -- Endodontic Therapy vs. Dental Implant Therapy: Deciding the Best Approach -- The Translation Evidence Mechanism -- Is a Single-Visit Approach for Endodontic Treatment Supported by the Best Available Evidence?- Comparative Effectiveness Research and Evidence-Based Decisions:  A New Dimension for Establishing Clinical Relevance in Endodontics for the Next Decades. Evidence-Based Nursing: In Patient Cardiology Practice -- In-Patient Medicine Practice -- Surgical Specialties -- Psychiatry -- Evidence-Based Practice in Transplant Services -- Out Patient and Geriatrics -- Transitional Care -- Conclusion: Applications for Comparative Effectiveness and Efficacy Research and Analysis for Practice (CEERAP) in Developing Patient-Centered Optimal Treatment Interventions in Health Care for the Next Decade.

Recent trends in health care across the United States and internationally have emphasized a novel approach that consists in comparing the effectiveness and efficacy of treatment interventions with a patient-centered emphasis (i.e., evidence-based health care), while ensuring cost constraints, maximizing benefits, and minimizing risks. In this book, experts in comparative effectiveness and efficacy research and analysis for practice (CEERAP) in health care in general address a range of topical issues. The emphasis is on implications for endodontics and nursing, both of which are considered in a series of detailed chapters. Commonalities and differences among CEERAP, utility-based and logic-based analysis and decision-making, and evidence-based and patient-centered practice are defined and discussed. The book concludes by examining applications for CEERAP in developing patient-centered optimal treatment interventions for the next decade.