FORWARD -- PART I  EMERGING ISSUES -- 1. The Role of Scientific Conferences to Foster Conservation Solution for Global Forests -- 2. Greening the Planet? -- 3. Comparative Canopy Biology and the Structure of Ecosystems -- 4. Forest Canopies as Earth’s Support Systems: Priorities for Research and Conservation -- 5. Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests -- 6. Rethinking the Role of Tropical Forest Science in Forest Conservation and Management -- 7. REDD: How can scientists change the political jungle? -- 8. Narrowing global species estimates -- PART II  CLIMATE CHANGE -- 9. Tropical cyclones and forest dynamics under a changing climate: what are the long-term implications for tropical forest canopies in the cyclone belt -- 10. Canopies and Climate Change -- 11. Church Forest Status and Carbon Sequestration in Northern Ethiopa -- 12. A novel approach to simulate climate change impacts on vascular epiphytes: case study in Taiwan -- 13. Sensitivity and threat in high-elevation rainforests: outcomes and consequences of the IBISCA- Queensland Project -- 14. A mature foreset canopy in a CO2-rich future - an experiment at the Swiss Canopy Crane research site -- 15. Shock value: are lianas natural lightning rods? -- 16. Potential impacts of global changes on epiphytic bryophytes in subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forests, SW China -- 17. ‘Canopy-less’ monitoring of biodiversity and climate change: signs of a leaky roof -- PART III  NEW APPROACHES -- 18. Mesoscale Exploration and Conservation of Tropical Canopies in a Changing Climate -- 19. Why do sloths poop on the ground? -- 20. Birds of the “canopy”: historical perspective, current trends and future directions -- 21. Functional roles of lianas in the forest canopy -- 22. Islands in a sea of foliage: mistletoes as discrete components of forest canopies -- 23. Non-vascular epiphytes: functions and risks at the tree canopy -- 24. Canopy texture analysis for large-scale assessments of tropical forest stand structure and biomass -- 25. Changing tropical forest dynamics and their effects on canopy geometry and tropical forest biodiversity -- 26. Reproductive Biology and Genetics of Some Dominant Canopy and Understorey Dominant Tree Species of Sri Lanka: Implications for Conservation Management in a Fragmented Landscape -- 27. The importance of flowers for beetle biodiversity and abundance -- 28. Assessing canopy processes at large landscape scales in the Western Ghats using remote sensing -- 29. Ontogeny of Herbivory on Leaves in a Tropical Rainforest in Madagascar -- 30. Do Water Bears Climb Trees too? -- 31. From leaf litter to canopy: non-invasive and reliable sampling in a tropical rainforest -- PART IV  EDUCATION AND OUTREACH -- 32. Win-Win for Scientists Who Lead Citizen Science Canopy Research Expeditions -- 33. In the Canopy with Wheel Chairs: a model for teaching field biology -- 34. Modelling Insect outbreaks in Forest Canopies -- Integration of Virtual Simulations with Hands-on Ecology for Undergraduates -- 35. Canopy Capture -- 36. Kids can save Forests.- Forest Canopy Tourism- analyzing a Flagship Attraction in the Ecotourism Arena from a Political Ecology Perspective -- PART V ECOSYSTEM, SERVICES AND SUSTAINABILITY -- 38. Ancient Coastal Rainforest Canopies in Western Canada: Issues in Biodiversity and Conservation -- 39. The population dynamics of epiphytic orchids: A review and methodological guide -- 40. Can canopy dwelling frogs be monitored from the ground? A case from Western Ghats of India -- 41. Just harvest: Ecology and politics of forest canopy product use in protected areas -- 42. Orchid farming, sustainable timber harvest and other forest management practices in Cameroon, Africa -- 43. Sacred groves as sanctuaries for mistletoe conservation in Kathmandu Valley -- 44. Nutrient recycling starts in the canopy: the secretive action of termites -- 45. Valuing Ecosystem Services Flowing from the Himalayan States for Incorporation into National Accounting -- 46. Whole Plants as NTFPs from the forest canopies- priorities for management and conservation.               .

Treetops at Risk brings together the world’s foremost experts on forest canopies, and summarizes their views on the current and future status of forests.  Forest canopies not only support high terrestrial biodiversity but also represent a critical interface between atmosphere and the earth. They provide goods and services to support humans, and represent important energy production centers for the planet.  Millions of people depend upon forest canopies for their livelihoods, and millions more depend upon future sustainable use of forest resources. The canopy also serves as a hook for education outreach and conservation, inspiring ecotourism and recreation. Despite these critical services provided by forest canopies, very little dedicated research in the treetops was initiated until as recently as the late 1970s when single rope techniques were adapted for use in the canopy. Subsequently, an array of canopy access tools was designed that have opened up this “eighth continent” for global exploration and discovery.             In 2009, the fifth International Canopy Conference was held in Bangalore, India, representing the first time that canopy researchers had convened in a developing country. Not only did this conference jumpstart canopy initiatives in India, but it fostered a broader approach to critical canopy issues facing many emerging countries where forest resources are seriously in decline. Despite the global efforts of hundreds of forest scientists over the past 3 decades, forests are degrading at an accelerated rate and canopy biodiversity is increasingly threatened by human activities. Given these trends, new and innovative approaches must be taken. This volume summarizes the issue of “treetops at risk” and assembles a global authorship to examine past accomplishments and future initiatives critical in forest conservation.