Contingency and Inherency in Evolutionary Developmental Biology -- Dualities and Intertheoretic Relations -- Are ‘Identical Quantum Particles’ Weakly Discernible Objects? -- Wave–Particle Duality in Quantum Optics -- Remarks on a Structural Account of Scientific Explanation -- Mathematical Knowledge and the Interplay of Practices -- Einstein, Kant, and the A Priori -- Causal Models and the Asymmetry of State Preparation -- Bell-Type Inequalities from Separate Common Causes -- Entanglement, Upper Probabilities and Decoherence in Quantum Mechanics -- Gauge Symmetry and the Theta-Vacuum -- The Chemical Bond: Structure, Energy and Explanation -- Randomness, Financial Markets and the Brownian Motion: A Reflection on the Role of Mathematics in Their Interaction with Financial Theory After 1973 -- Causation Across Levels, Constitution, and Constraint -- Epistemic Consequences of Two Different Strategies for Decomposing Biological Networks -- Matter(s) in Relativity Theory -- Individual Particles, Properties and Quantum Statistics -- Evolution and Directionality: Lessons from Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem -- Substantive General Covariance: Another Decade of Dispute -- Relativity, Locality and Tense -- A Weylian Approach Towards Theories of Matter: Dynamic Agents and Geometrisation -- Mirroring and Understanding Action -- Absolute Objects and General Relativity: Dynamical Considerations -- Empirical Foundation of Space and Time -- Making Contact with Observations -- The Formulation and Justification of Mathematical Definitions Illustrated By Deterministic Chaos -- Do We Need Some Large, Simple Randomized Trials in Medicine? -- Incontinence, Honouring Sunk Costs and Rationality -- Causal Fundamentalism in Physics.

These volumes collect a selection of papers presented at the Founding Conference of the European Philosophy of Science Association meeting in Madrid. The volumes provide an excellent overview of the state of the art in philosophy of science as practised nowadays in different European countries.