Part I:  Overview -- 1:  Historical Perspectives of LESS and NOTES -- 2:  Overview:  Rationale and Terminology -- 3: Visualization Options -- 4: LESS: Ports and Instrumentation -- 5: Retraction Systems in Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery and NOTES -- 6:   Exit Strategies -- 7: Mini-Laparoscopic Systems -- 8: Access: Transgastric -- 9: Access:  Transcolonic -- 10: Access:  Transvaginal -- 11: Access:  Trans-Vesical -- 12:Access: Trans-Umbilical -- Part II:  NOTES (Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery) -- 13: NOTES: Laboratory Work -- 14: NOTES: Appendectomy -- 15: NOTES: Cholecystectomy (European Experience) -- 16: NOTES:  Cholecystectomy (US Experience) -- 17: NOTES: Gastro-Jejunostomy -- 18:  NOTES: Nephrectomy -- 19: NOTES: Challenges -- Part III:  LESS (Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site Surgery) -- 20: LESS:  Pyeloplasty -- 21:  LESS:  Extirpative Renal Surgery Including Donor -- 22: LESS: Adrenal Surgery -- 23: LESS: Pelvic Reconstructive Urological Surgery -- 24: LESS:  Radical Prostatectomy -- 25: Single Port Laparoscopy:  Issues and Complications -- Part IV:  Future Perspectives -- 26:  Robotic LESS Urological Surgery: Experience and Future Perspectives -- 27: Future Perspectives on Scarless Surgery: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going.

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery (LESS) and Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) are based on the premise that patients should benefit in terms of recovery time, physical discomfort, pain, and cosmesis if a surgical procedure can be performed without visible scarring.   Scar-Less Surgery: NOTES, Transumbilical, and Others is a multi-disciplinary effort which weaves together the surgical aspects of these novel techniques. It is the  first comprehensive reference on the subject providing state-of-the-art technical information to both general and  urologic surgeons while also highlighting future developments and research needs.