Includes bibliographical references (p. 353-359) and index.

Listening then and now -- The comprehension approach : pluses and minuses -- Listening and the learner -- Types of listening -- A diagnostic approach to L2 listening -- Dividing listening into its components -- A process approach -- Input and context -- Decoding and the inconsistent signal -- Decoding : sounds, syllables and words -- Using grammar and intonation -- Amplifying what the speaker says -- Handling information -- Real speech -- Listening strategies -- Strategy instruction in second language listening -- Fitting it together.